磁热治疗的最新研究进展

磁热治疗是一种新兴的治疗癌症的方法,其利用磁性材料在高频交变磁场(AMF)下将磁能转换为热能,提高局部病灶部位组织温度(42℃以上),诱导癌细胞凋亡.该治疗方法由于具有无创/微创性、高效性和良好的组织穿透性等优点而受到广泛关注.通过介绍和总结常用磁热材料、磁热增强策略和原理,描述目前磁热治疗的最新研究进展,综述了磁热治疗这一前沿技术在癌症治疗中的潜在应用.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

基于空地协同采样的植被覆盖度随机森林估算方法

基于无人机高光谱影像, 建立地形复杂地区植被覆盖度的非参数随机森林回归估算模型。为获得构建随机森林模型所需的足够数量的训练样本, 利用低空无人机搭载的光学相机, 在从地面难以到达的山地、水域和植被茂密区, 通过垂直拍摄获得厘米分辨率的航拍影像, 作为对地面样方采样的补充。首先计算地面数码相机照片和无人机可见光影像的红绿蓝植被指数(red-green-blue vegetation index, RGBVI), 然后使用大津分割法提取样方的植被覆盖信息, 得到构建模型所需的训练样本。在此基础上, 基于2018年8月16—18日在内蒙古自治区察右中旗油娄沟矿区获取的GaiaSky-mini2无人机高光谱影像数据, 利用递归特征消除算法优选参与随机森林回归的特征变量集, 利用空地协同获取的训练样本构建植被覆盖度的随机森林回归估算模型。该模型在测试集上的确定系数R2为0.923, 均方根误差为0.087, 优于常用的像元二分模型, 可用于矿区植被动态信息的精细化监测。     

异方差下条件处理效应的非参数估计及应用

处理效应模型作为分析政策效应的量化工具,在社会与经济的各个领域有着广泛的应用.现有文献为了得到处理效应的一致估计量,通常需要加一些较强的限制条件(如条件均值独立)或采用工具变量法,在较弱的与实际更吻合的条件下给出处理效应的一致估计量并不多见.本文在误差项对称的假定下,讨论了条件处理效应模型的非参数识别和估计,并进一步估计了平均处理效应.我们通过放松模型中函数形式的假定,同时考虑了较为普遍的广义异方差形式,大大减少了模型误设的可能性,拓展了现有模型的适用性.本文对估计量的大样本性质进行了分析,表明了估计量的一致性和渐近正态性,蒙特卡罗模拟显示了估计量良好的有限样本性质.最后,本文将估计量应用于研究大学教育回报及其性别差异,进一步解释了估计量的实用价值.     

基于非线性和测试覆盖率的软件可靠性增长模型

软件可靠性增长模型一般假设故障是独立的,且检测到的故障能够被排除。但在工程中,一些检测到的故障可能无法排除,在排除过程中也可能会引入新的故障。考虑上述因素,本文假设故障的引入过程与时间呈现非线性关系,通过测试覆盖率函数来表示软件故障检测率,建立了基于非齐次泊松过程(non-homogeneous Poisson process, NHPP)的软件可靠性增长模型。为规避参数估计过程中模型函数导数连续性和存在性的限制,应用一个自适应变化的实值遗传算法进行计算。最后通过一个真实软件失效数据集对模型参数进行计算,利用不同的评价准则将所提模型和现有模型进行比较,说明所提模型的优越性和准确性。     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

国内城镇污水处理能耗计算方法

污水处理行业是高耗能产业,合理地估算污水处理工艺的能耗将有助于节能减排措施的制定和实施。依据国内城镇污水处理各单元的工艺运行特点,分析了污水处理单元能耗分布特征,总结出污水处理过程中各单元主要耗能设备的能耗计算公式。以喀左污水处理厂(采用典型A/O工艺)为例进行分析,挖掘其最具潜力的节能设备,给出相应的节能调控方向。     

淬火速率对Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金厚板剥落腐蚀的影响

采用末端淬火和腐蚀浸泡方法研究了淬火速率对Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金厚板剥落腐蚀性能的影响,结合金相显微镜、透射电镜和扫描透射电镜微观组织表征对影响机理进行了分析和探讨.Al-5Zn-3Mg-1Cu铝合金的剥落腐蚀性能随淬火速率的减小(2 160℃/min→100℃/min)而下降,腐蚀等级由P级变为ED级,最大腐蚀深度从15μm增加至530μm.淬火速率减小导致晶界析出相数量增加,其中Zn,Mg元素含量上升,无沉淀析出带宽化,是剥落腐蚀性能下降的主要原因.     

水韧处理对TiC基高锰钢结合金组织与性能的影响

研究了水韧处理对TiC基高锰钢结合金力学性能的影响,并通过分析合金在处理前后显微组织结构和微区成分的变化,阐述了其中的内在关系.经过1 050℃×6h水韧处理后,真空烧结试样的抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别提高了154.6%和125.3%;低压烧结试样则分别提高了61.81%和45.38%;真空烧结+低压烧结试样也分别提高了65.59%和32.90%.研究结果表明,水韧处理能够显著提高烧结态TiC基高锰钢结合金的抗弯强度和冲击韧性.